Category Archives: Philanthropy

Change is in our DNA

(This is a guest post from Beth Reiter, VP for Communications & Marketing, The Greater Cincinnati Foundation, who covered the Council on Foundations Conference for Tactical Philanthropy)

By Beth Reiter

Now that I’m back and immersed in the everyday, I’ve had a chance to reflect on the session “Community Foundations: Contemporary and Perpetual.” This panel examined the leadership of three large community foundations and some of the tension that many CFs feel between taking visible and/or controversial positions in their communities and the need to maintain trust and attract donors.

Ronn Richard is the CEO of The Cleveland Foundation, the original community foundation. With a fascinating background (that includes a stint in the CIA, probably a pretty small club for foundation CEOs), he is uniquely suited to do what TCF did – take on economic development on a global scale for the region. TCF’s leadership assembled the Fund for Our Economic Future with about 100 other funding partners. Richard spoke of making the Northeast Ohio region “the capital of…” several things, including advanced energy.

The effort to lead in advanced energy included private sponsorship to get a top energy expert on staff, legislative work to pass a law that was needed to make the climate more appealing for alternative energy, and encouraging Case Western Reserve University to revitalize engineering studies by creating an Institute for Alternative Energy. TCF also hired a Director of International Relations to promote Cleveland around the world that has already had a number of successes. These are pretty unusual efforts for many CFs.

One of Richard’s key themes was that public policy advocacy is critical for CFs who want to achieve major change. Welfare rules, tax law, foreign policy (“guns vs. butter”) all impact the work we are trying to do and we have to be ready to advocate for changes.

Another theme, echoed by Chicago Community Trust CEO Terry Mazany was the need to think far beyond our regions. “Global competition defines our world,” he said, going on to describe the Trust’s efforts to move from poverty to prosperity through education.

In the case of both these older, established foundations, there is a larger proportion of discretionary dollars available than for most CFs. But these CEOs believe we need to make more of a case for endowment dollars, even with living donors, who many of us have psyched ourselves into believing will only fund to their own interests through DAFs. Bob King, CEO of the Arizona Foundation, which also worked on educational reform, doesn’t have the same discretionary luxury but believes the visibility his foundation’s efforts enjoyed will help attract donors. “But you can’t just ask donors to trust us. You have to have a concrete ‘product’ to sell, such as housing,” he said. Arizona now offers foundation-directed funds in certain strategic areas.

So, to the original session title, the first question was about balancing current needs with enduring commitments. For Cleveland, Richard says the key was adding these new areas, but not taking away from existing funding areas. King says you have to continue making the smaller grants, and the public policy work is an “add on.” Another question related to board changes necessary to work at this level. The answer was that you do have to be just as strategic with your board, identifying the type of people and the skillsets that you need – and that they need to have a high tolerance for risk.

For my money, it was thought-provoking to hear about this flexibility to change and respond to current needs – especially from some of the oldest community foundations out there. According to Richard, “Change is built into the DNA of the community foundation field.”

I was also happy to hear moderator Will Ginsberg (Community Foundation of Greater New Haven) give props to fellow blogger Lucy Bernholz and “On the Brink of New Promise” as having been influential for community foundation thinking.

[With all due respect to the leadership and expertise of the gentlemen involved, four white men on the panel was pretty noticeable, right after a much-touted plenary breakfast on diversity in the field.]

links for 2008-05-16

The Foundations of Tax-Efficient Giving

This is my most recent On Philanthropy Column for the Financial Times. You can find an archive of past columns here.

The Foundations of Tax-Efficient Giving
By Sean Stannard-Stockton
May 10, 2008: Link to original story on FT.com

Many people think of charitable giving as an item in their annual budget, and measure it as a percentage of income. But if you own financial assets such as real estate or a portfolio of stocks and bonds, you should consider an endowment approach to your philanthropy.

Ultra-wealthy philanthropists have long created family foundations, which they fund with a single, large gift. From then on, their charitable giving is done out of the foundation – typically at a rate equal to about 5 per cent of the assets in it. Today, the falling costs of administering a foundation, or the alternative vehicle known as a donor-advised fund, mean that anyone who gives at least $500 a year to charity should consider taking a similar approach.

The tax benefits of endowing your charitable giving are significant. Donors receive an income tax deduction when they make a gift to a private foundation or donor-advised fund. This means that by “front-loading” your charitable giving by shifting assets equal to multiple years of expected donations into a charitable vehicle, you obtain multiple years’ worth of income tax deductions today.

The concept of present value says money received today is worth more than equal amounts delivered in the future (for instance, you would rather I gave you $100 today than promise to pay it in 10 years). By endowing your charitable giving, you will pull the income tax deduction that you would normally receive in the future into the current tax year.

Once in a charitable vehicle, your assets are shielded from taxation (assets in donor-advised funds owe no taxes on capital gains, dividends or interest and assets in foundations pay only a 1-2 per cent “excise tax”). Just as IRAs and 401ks allow individuals to save for retirement in a tax-advantaged account, endowed charitable vehicles give a similar benefit to philanthropists. But if, instead, you keep your assets in a taxable account and make annual gifts to charity, you will have to pay taxes on the capital gains, dividends and interest generated each year.

Endowing your philanthropy makes it much easier to follow the golden rule of tax-smart charitable giving: always donate with your most highly appreciated asset. When you give cash to a charity, you receive an income tax deduction. But when you give an appreciated asset (shares of stock that have gone up in value, for example, or a piece of real estate bought years ago), you receive the same income tax deduction and avoid capital gains tax on the appreciation.

You can also achieve this advantage simply by replacing your annual cash gifts to charity with transfers of appreciated assets. But if you make numerous charitable gifts each year, or your most highly appreciated asset is not something you can easily give fractional interests in (such as real estate), then using a private foundation or donor-advised fund will make following the golden rule much easier.

Using a charitable vehicle also means that you can separate the tax aspects of your giving from the personal and emotional reasons that drive philanthropy. When endowing your giving, you can work with your accountant and financial adviser to select the assets that make the most sense to fund your donations with and to time the gift for the highest financial benefit.

Once your charitable vehicle is funded, the gifts you make to non-profits will not have tax consequences. You will be free to make your donations in the amounts and on the timeline that does the most good in the world.

For maximum financial advantage, you should fund your charitable vehicle with 20 times the amount of your annual giving. However, if your asset base does not allow for a gift of this size, donating any amount greater than one year of giving will enhance your financial situation.

The suggestion of funding with 20 times annual giving comes from the fact that if the assets in your philanthropic vehicle are invested to achieve 8 per cent annual returns, you will be able to make annual grants of 5 per cent (one 20th) of the assets and increase your giving by 3 per cent each year to keep up with inflation. Barring unexpectedly bad investment performance, your charitable vehicle will be able to sustain this level of giving forever, without any additional funding from you.

Most people find that endowing their giving has many non-tax related benefits as well. With a private foundation, for instance, you can name relatives to join the board and make it part of your family tradition to come together and talk about what charitable causes are important to you and why. By organizing your giving, you may also find that you focus it on a smaller set of causes that are deeply important to you. Focused giving is a trait that most philanthropic advisers encourage their clients to adopt to maximize impact.

While at its core philanthropy comes from the heart, by being financially savvy you can reduce the cost of your giving and do more good in the world.

The writer is a principal and director of tactical philanthropy at Ensemble Capital Management and author of the blog TacticalPhilanthropy.com

links for 2008-05-14

The Commodity Nonprofit

Yesterday I asked whether nonprofits delivered a commodity of a premium product/service. I want to reiterate that I did not use “commodity” to mean “inferior to a premium product.” I meant commodity to refer to homogeneous products that consumers general choose between based solely on price. Examples: milk, gasoline, printer paper, computer storage devices, generic pharmaceuticals. For-profit organizations can make a TON of money selling commodities (see oil & gas companies during the past few years), so I am not suggesting that selling premium products is somehow superior to selling a commodity.

Let’s think about the nonprofit space. If Organization A can deliver vaccines in Africa for $5 per shot and Organization B can deliver it for $10 a shot, a rational donor would likely fund Organization A. The assumption behind that decision rests on the idea that the product being delivered (a vaccination) is identical and so the most important thing to consider is cost. But what if we look at pre-school education? I don’t care how many teacher-hours are delivered per dollar. I care about the quality of the teaching (because the teaching is not an end to itself, it is the education of the child that we care about). In this environment, we have a premium product market where a rational donor will judge cost in relation to value. However cost still matters. A Lexus might be worth twice as much as a Ford, but even though it is a better car it would not be rational to pay 100 times the cost of a Ford.

When I think back on the discussions we’ve had about overhead expense ratios and the fallacy of quantitatively evaluating nonprofits, I realize that the commodity/premium product dichotomy can help us understand when to look at cost and when cost can be misleading.

There are a lot of nonprofits that deliver commodity-like products and that’s OK. Those organizations should be judged based on cost of delivery. But many, many nonprofits deliver a premium product that is better (or worse) than similar products offered by competing nonprofits (and for-profits). These organizations should be judged on the quality of their product and the cost of delivery in relation to the level of quality.

links for 2008-05-13

Nonprofit Job

From the Tactical Philanthropy Job Board:

Senior Program Executive
United Jewish Appeal Federations of New York

UJA-Federation of New York’s Jewish Leadership Forum (JLF) offers current and future leaders of the Jewish community, between the ages of 30 and 50, both locally through federations and nationally through United Jewish Communities, a venue for sharing ideas, exchanging views, and developing initiatives in both entrepreneurial and organized ways. The audience comprises donors and prospects with major giving capacity.

The senior program executive (SPE) will be responsible for developing innovative giving opportunities for JLF. The SPE will manage two venture philanthropy funds, including donor development and grant research and management. In addition, the SPE will create new giving models and philanthropic opportunities, including developing new funds. The SPE will also work with JLF and the Emerging Leaders and Philanthropist teams to cultivate high-end donors, and may take on management responsibilities as the position develops.

You can read the details here.

Nonprofit Job

From the Tactical Philanthropy Job Board:

Global Donor Program Specialist
TechSoup.org

If you are a project or product manager with international interest and a desire to better the world, we may have the position for you! We are seeking a talented, enthusiastic, socially minded individual to expand the offerings of our highly successful technology donation program. You’ll also be a core member of a team developing strategies to grow efficiently while maximizing our impact on global civil society. If you are interested in challenging projects, international exposure, and making a difference in the world, this could be the job of a lifetime!

Click here to read the full details.

The Second Great Wave of Political Donors

I’m not political strategist, but I couldn’t help but notice this USA Today story titled, “Small Donors Increase Impact.” The story explains that while traditionally, political campaigns are fueled by large donors, this election cycle is seeing the growing importance of small donors.

Democrats Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton are increasingly funding their presidential campaigns through donations of $200 or less, a USA TODAY analysis shows, in a break from previous contests dominated by wealthier contributors.

More than half of the $194 million that Clinton and Obama collected from January through March for their primary fight came from small donations, according to the analysis of data compiled by the non-partisan Campaign Finance Institute. That’s up from about 15% of the $43.5 million collected by both Democrats during the same period last year.

I won’t make a call on political trends, but it sure seems like interesting stats that are relevant to my thesis of a Second Great Wave of Philanthropy.

The Philanthropic Family

My friend Sharon Schneider, a philanthropic director at Foundation Source, has launched a new blog called The Philanthropic Family. From the Christmas photo of her and her extended family on the masthead, to the tag line, “infusing everyday life with the love of humanity”, Sharon makes it clear that this is a very personal blog about a very personal passion for giving.

I’ve sat with Sharon in the offices of one of my clients and watched as she gave very high quality, technical advice. Yet in addition to these “tactical” skills, Sharon’s blog makes it clear that she understands the human qualities of community and giving.

A great new blog! Check it out.

Philanthropy: Commodity or Premium Product?

Saturday was my daughter’s fifth birthday party. At 8:30am she was running at top speed (the only speed she moves at) through her grandparents’ house, tripped and hit cheekbone first into the edge of a flight of stairs. 30 minutes later we were all in the ER where she was getting 7 stitches. They say she’ll be fine. Oh, and we were home with 20 minutes to spare before 17 little girls showed up for a “princess party” in celebration of her birthday (I was one of the only “princes” allowed).

I guess any doctor at any hospital could have sewed 7 stitches. But the two nurses (one an older woman and the other a young man) at the hospital we went to spent a lot of time asking my daughter all about her birthday plans and made it clear that they felt it was a priority for her to get home in time for her party. Amazingly, we all left in good spirits and my daughter was able to fully enjoy her party.

Health care can be a commodity or it can be a premium product. A commodity is an item that is indistinguishable from competing products and therefore consumers make purchasing decisions based mainly on price . Gasoline is a commodity. If a station on one corner is cheaper than on the other corner, most people will always go to the cheaper station. Wine is a premium product. 750ml of wine is always just fermented grape juice. But the quality of the wine leads to vastly different prices.

This weekend, my family experienced health care delivered as a premium product. I would gladly pay a significant premium to entrust the care of my child to health care professionals who were sensitive to the emotional as well as physical needs of my daughter.

So here’s my question: Do nonprofits deliver a commodity or a premium product/service? This isn’t a leading question. Commodities are not inferior to premium products, they are just subject to different kinds of markets and business models. When you deliver a commodity, there is only one way to compete: Eliminate costs, strive to be the low cost producer and slash prices below your competitors. As an investor in this kind of business, you want to find organizations that are highly efficient, productive and know how to squeeze costs out of the system.

When you invest in a premium product company, you want to find organizations that are innovative, visionary and know how to create a product or service that serves people’s needs better than competitors so that customers will pay up and create high profit margins.

So in the nonprofit world, when we look for low overhead expenses, when we ask nonprofits to underpay their employees, when we want every dollar to go to “program” we are making the implicit statement that we believe they are supplying a commodity product. Is this what we believe? Is this what you believe?

links for 2008-05-10

Council on Foundations Conference Wrap-Up

Wow! Now only was the COF conference really interesting, fun and exciting, but I was deeply impressed by the performance of the blog team! Just to be clear, this is Sean Stannard-Stockton writing again. I’ve been a bit of a managing editor since last weekend, so I’m glad to get back to writing.

A few reflections on the conference:

Last year at COF, I felt like a bit of a novelty attending as a blogger. One person did introduce himself to me saying that he read Tactical Philanthropy, but for the most part people seemed to perceive a blog as a place where some uneducated nobody posted rants about things they knew little about and then posted pictures of their cat. Seriously. But this time was different. Not only did it seem that everyone I met knew of Tactical Philanthropy, but people seemed to have a new sense that blogs were playing an important role in philanthropy. The very fact that my blog team included employees of major foundations was a pleasant surprise to me and indicative of the changing way that foundations see social media.

One thing I loved about the blog team is that I got to experience far more of the conference than I could otherwise. After Peter Manzo (here) and Peter Deitz (here) both posted their (opposing) thoughts on the opening plenary video, I was asked by someone what I thought of the video. It took me a second to remember that I hadn’t actually attended the plenary and that I had experienced it only via the blog! Similarly, I got a lot of emails from people who were not able to attend the conference to say that they were happily following along from home. (Note too, that these two posts were the most widely read on Tactical Philanthropy during the last week).

Speaking of Peter Manzo’s negative take on the plenary video (he called it “abysmal”), I think Peter and I were both surprised by the attention the post got (Both the Chronicle of Philanthropy and the blog of Philanthropy News Digest reported on his comments). It was a bit “shocking” to read something so negative within the halls of “institutional philanthropy”, but here’s the thing. I asked a LOT of people what they thought of the video and I’d say 80-90% agreed with Manzo. So his take wasn’t really something new, it was just airing publicly what many people thought. I think that’s a good thing.

Personally, I thought the “mega-conference” format turned out quite well. I really enjoyed meeting people from all aspects of philanthropy and getting their takes. However, for any given time slot, there were about 25 session to choose from and I often wanted to attend 2 or 3 of them.

Speaking of the format, a couple people have asked me to follow up on my horrendous experience checking into the hotel. The Gaylord was just opened in March and it showed. Without boring you with details, even after check in I continued to not have my room cleaned and routinely put on hold for 10-15 minutes (at which point I usually gave up). To their credit, the Gaylord did comp my room the first night. But I will say that I liked that so many people could fit in one space. When writing and editing the blog, I would often set up camp at a table in the main breeze way by the coffee shop. A lot of people stopped by to say hi and as they always say “the best part of the conference is in the hallways.”

I’ll just wrap up saying the same thing I did last year. The conversation does not have to stop now and wait for next year! I realize there were a lot of new readers here during the last week and I want to encourage you to keep posting your ideas and thoughts. Conferences are great, but we can still come together as a group all year round in online forums like this one to discuss these topics. I know I enjoy it and learn a lot. I think you will too.

Vision, Leadership and Partnership

(This is a guest post from Peter Deitz, Founder of Social Actions, who is covering the Council on Foundations Conference for Tactical Philanthropy)

By Peter Deitz

On Tuesday evening, the famed cartoonist Milt Gross made an appearance at the Council on Foundations annual conference. In a session called Strategic Philanthropy: Theory and Practice, the speaker Paul Brest, President of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, flashed on the monitor a cartoon of howling wolves gathered at the edge of a cliff. One of the wolves had taken a break from howling to ask his companions, “My question: are we making a difference?”

The attendees at this week’s philanthropy summit in Washington DC met up to ask themselves the same question. As a blogger, I wasn’t privy to many of the intimate conversations among colleagues and close friends in the foundation world. I didn’t hear the uncertainties that were no doubt expressed in whispered voices between conference sessions and at the gala events. Instead, I heard bold proclamations on what it takes to make a difference: namely, the right combination of vision, leadership, and partnership.

In his presentation about strategic philanthropy, Brest presented an outline of his foundation’s approach to all three points. For vision, Brest said a foundation must first establish a viable theory of change. “If your theories of change are incorrect, your interventions will only be right by accident,” warned Brest.

He had just finished explaining a case study in New York City in which police implemented a program to reduce crime by arresting people for petty offences. Crime went down, which was the desired effect. During the same time, however, crime also dropped in cities that had not implemented a similar program. In this case, the desired impact may not have been linked to the city’s theory of change.

Brest went on to discuss the importance of maintaining an “expected return attitude,” in which every effort is made to assess an intervention’s cost and likelihood of success. Doing so permits grantmakers: to recognize and mitigate risks; justify large expenditures with the prospect of high returns; and be candid if and when failure sets in. He also emphasized the need for complete “logic models” to explain how change happens and evaluation criteria to measure success along the way.

According to Brest, failure to demonstrate leadership in these respects can result in wasted money, or worse, “unanticipated bad consequences.” In seeking partners, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation looks for grantees and co-funders who share a similar theory of change and demonstrate willingness to candidly assess each program during and following an intervention. Mr. Brest’s professionalism commanded respect in the room full of his peers and colleagues. Quiet in his delivery and precise with his words, I was left thinking that calmness is king in vision, leadership, and partnership.

On the following day, “Teacher of the Year” and bestselling author Ron Clark tore this hypothesis to pieces during his closing plenary of the leadership summit. Mr. Clark, who jumps rope “double-dutch” with his middle school students, delivered half of his speech while literally jumping from table to table in the closing plenary ballroom. I have never seen a more hyperactive successful adult.

In an abandoned factory turned state-of-the-art school, Mr. Clark has setup a scholastic program that transforms Atlanta’s poorest school children into over achievers. How? By mixing together the same ingredients that Paul Brest documented with Pentagon restraint.

Mr. Clark’s school has honed and implemented an accurate theory of change. That is children perform best when their instructors have high expectations, maintain rules, believe in their students’ futures, and serve as living role models of creativity, innovation, and free-thinking. Mr. Clark has created a partnership with his students, their parents, and school staff by winning them over to this theory. Together, they are reaching unlikely heights of academic achievement and preparing “a new generation for leadership in a globalized world.”

Mr. Clark’s description of his school in Atlanta reminded me of a quote I heard earlier in the day. Andrew Gillum, Director of the Young Elected Officials Network commented on the electoral success of young people of color, including himself. “We did the impossible, because we didn’t know what was supposed to be impossible.”

At the end of Ron Clark’s Broadway performance renamed a closing plenary, the audience of 1,000+ grantmakers gave him a standing ovation that extended for minutes. It sounded like wolves howling. They stood up to applaud the fact that at least one among them was making a difference by harnessing the right combination of vision, leadership and partnership.

Are We Rising or Sinking?

(This is a guest post from Brian Walsh, head of global social engagement for LiquidNet, who is covering the Council on Foundations Conference for Tactical Philanthropy)

By Brian Walsh

There’s a giant statue of a mythic figure partially submerged in the sand of the marina at the new National Harbor where the Council on Foundations conference was held. Depending on your perspective, this figure is either rising triumphantly or sinking desperately. I can’t think of a more apt metaphor to frame one’s perspective on the future of philanthropy coming out of this conference.

At Tuesday’s mini-Summit on Philanthropy and the Economy, held at the Commerce Department, former Clinton Treasury Secretary Robert “Rubinomics” Rubin declared that the current macro economic situation is the most challenging and complex set of circumstances that he’s witnessed in his adult life, and warned that no matter who becomes the next President, for the near term there will be reduced corporate returns, increased demands for services, and a decrease in the capability of government to respond. Clearly, there will be an increased demand put on philanthropy to help fill the looming gap, even as foundations see reduced returns on their endowments.

Rubin went on to lament the “unconscionable number of poor people we have in a very rich country” which he presented as not just a moral issue, but an economic one. He sees the importance of bringing the poor into the economic mainstream as necessary for the United States to remain competitive in the larger historical transformations occurring in the global economy.

Later at the same mini-Summit, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich offered hope that we are entering a phase of unprecedented technological achievement at a scale never before seen in human history. Gingrich predicted (not so subtlety) that the coming decades will see the “greatest explosion in human creativity in perhaps the entire history of the world” and went on to exclaim that “it’s almost incomprehensible how much knowledge is coming down the road; the scale is just daunting.” He railed against bureaucratic structures as hindrances to innovation and encouraged people interested in social change to follow their passion where it leads them, experiment, and take big risks.

Matthew Bishop of the Economist (and coiner of “Philanthrocapitalism” phrase) concluded the mini-Summit by heralding the “fifth golden age” of philanthropy that we’re potentially entering (the first three occurring in Britain beginning with the Tudors; the third starting with the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and ending around 1932).

The hallmarks of this new age Bishop claims we’re on the threshold of include the fact that we are in an extraordinary period of entrepreneurial wealth creation, we face immense social challenges, and we are seeing new business models and techniques being applied to address these challenges. He talked about the need for “big, risk-taking innovation capital” provided to the “social problem solving community.” Bishop also highlighted the ‘hyper-agency’ role that philanthropy can play with its “ability to mobilize resources at a scale that gives you more power to focus on a particular problem.”

During the Q&A, Miles Rapoport, President of Demos (the publisher of “Just Another Emperor? The Myths and Realities of Philanthrocapitalism” pamphlet by Michael Edwards) questioned Bishop on the ability of this new age of philanthropy to lead to the social transformation that Rapoport believes is necessary. In his response, Bishop essentially argued that if you can’t beat them, join them, in that it’s best to harness the tools provided by recent technological innovations to improve society. Market-based capitalism isn’t going anywhere soon.

Back at the brand-spanking-new Gaylord Resort, something did seem to be stirring in the salons and ballrooms.

I saw “traditional Foundation” professionals asking Ashoka founder Bill Drayton how they can encourage “social entrepreneurs.” Social Ventures Partners Executive Director Paul Shoemaker was asked how the tools of “venture philanthropy” can be applied to typical grant-making. X-Prize founder Peter Diamandis advised how more organizations might use “prize philanthropy” and competition to spur social innovation. The “Next Gen” rave-ish reception (a departure from the typical conference cocktail party, complete with the admittedly-yummy “Next Gentinis”) highlighted the online capabilities being developed to further democratize philanthropic involvement and bring new voices to the conversation, using technology to solicit ideas for change from a wider audience.

All of which is very exciting and seems very promising.

But there’s a larger opportunity out there. Philanthropy in America is a $300 billion annual market. As Ed Skloot of Duke University said during his session on Venture Philanthropy, the philanthropic field is “bereft of a marketplace that aggregates and uses capital well.” From my perspective, the philanthropic marketplace is terribly inefficient. To be sure, I am not claiming that individual nonprofits are inefficient – although certainly some are – nor am I making a judgment about the efficacy of individual nonprofits – though certainly some could be more effective. Rather, it seems to me that there is enormous room for improvement and increased efficiencies in the way in which we as a society provide resources to the causes that require resources. It’s a question of reducing transaction costs. This is a big challenge – and a big opportunity – and I’d be interested to hear from others on their perspectives for fixing our broken philanthropic marketplace.

I leave the conference as an optimist, and am excited about the possibilities that lay ahead (or is it lie ahead? I hope my 7th grade English teacher doesn’t Google me).

By the way, the title of that statue (by J. Seward Johnson, Jr.) in the sand is “The Awakening.” In my view, we’re in the midst of the next great wave of philanthropy that is now awakening , bringing with it a period of collaboration, innovation, broader engagement, and social progress. For my company, Liquidnet, an electronic marketplace for institutional investors, we’re tremendously excited to be participating in this new era through our Global Social Engagement, whereby we are committing one percent of our revenues towards addressing social challenges.

It’s an exciting time.